STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FOURTEEN IRAQI DATE PALM CULLTIVER ECOTYPES USING ISSR MARKERS
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Abstract
This study investigated the genetic diversity of fourteen Iraqi date palm cultivars. Fresh leaf samples were collected from Stations belong Directorate of Horticulture - Ministry of Agriculture. Genomic DNA was isolated using a commercial DNeasy Plant System Kit.
A total of five Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) single primers were evaluated for DNA amplification. Initial screening confirmed that all five primers successfully produced clear, amplifiable bands. Consequently, each primer was used individually to genotype the complete set of fourteen samples.
A total of 505 bands were generated across all samples, averaging 101 bands per primer. The number of amplified bands varied significantly among the cultivars. The highest number of bands was produced by primer DPISR5 (120 bands), followed by DPISR4 (114 bands), DPISR2 (108 bands), and DPISR1 (102 bands).
In contrast, primer DPISR3 yielded the lowest number, producing only 61 bands. Genetic markers were scored based on the presence or absence of corresponding bands across the cultivars.
Finally, a similarity matrix was constructed from the data and subjected to cluster analysis to establish genetic relationships.
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