ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION BETWEEN FLEXIBILITY AND GENETIC STABILITY: A Review Article

Abstract

Environmental adaptation of plants is one of the most important biological processes that determines the ability of organisms to grow and survive in changing environments. Its Classification refers to a degree variation in genotypes to modify phenotypic to environmental conditions. This ability is not absolute, but rather linked to the ability of genotypes to express genes when its growth environments change. Adaptation can be in the form of contradictory or antagonistic environmental, or central adaptation, which reflects the delicate balance between genetic stability and adaptive flexibility. Observed that environmental-genetic adaptation does not represent a linear, curvilinear, or absolute exponential equation.

Traits are influenced by a range of environmental and genetic factors that interact with each other and are linked by a functional relationship. Adaptation mechanisms vary from one genotype to another depending on the environment. They may be facultative, or enhance positively or diminish negatively or specific traits. A modified vestigial effect, or address a specific function by inducing or inhibiting the growth of highly sensitive traits, leading to the differentiation or extinction of other traits. Genes can be regulated differently in response to environmental changes, this means that gene expression levels change in response to environmental pressures, leading to the emergence of new traits that help organisms adapt to specific environments.

Therefore, the study aimed to classify, explain environmental adaptations, determine the extent and manner of their influence on the performance of the genotypes when is above, below the critical limit, opposite, inverse and close to the general average.